Summary
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), parenting, and social determinants of health (SDH) contribute to early life adversity (ELA), which can disrupt development in the brain, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune systems to increase the risks for chronic non-communicable diseases, substance abuse, or other detrimental outcomes. In contrast, positive childhood experiences (PCEs) can build resilience, and improve physical and mental health outcomes. We have validated the assays for hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) to assess chronic stress and hair oxytocin concentrations (HOC) to assess social
