Summary
Today, society faces critical issues of poverty-driven food insecurity and the opioid epidemic: in 2023, 36.8 million Americans lived in poverty, 47.4 million experienced food insecurity, and 8.9 million misused opioids. As these crises operate synergistically, addressing poverty-driven food insecurity while mitigating opioid-related harms presents a pressing and complex societal challenge. Although efforts have been made to tackle these issues separately and to explore their interconnections, research on developing effective, integrated interventions tailored to affected populations is lackin
