Summary
Abstract Multiple sclerosis is the most common cause of non-traumatic disability in young adults, with an estimated total economic burden of $85.4 billion. Irreversible disability accumulation is the most challenging, unmet need in care for people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and drives socioeconomic burden. Disability accumulates in two different clinical contexts: Progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA, ~ 80%) and relapse-associated worsening (RAW, ~20%). Both are driven by a complex interplay of immune- and non- immune processes. Body fluid biomarkers offer a unique opportunity
