Summary
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents a major challenge in oncology, the third leading cause of cancer-related death, and a 5-year survival rate of only 11%. The dense, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC significantly hinders the efficacy of current therapeutic strategies, including the innovative CAR T cell therapies that have shown promise in hematologic malignancies. A significant contributor to this immunosuppression is the secretion of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) within the PDAC TME by cancer cells and immune cells that limits the efficacy of adopt
