Summary
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT In mammals, insulin primarily regulates metabolism while insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) stimulates growth, proliferation and differentiation. Aberrant production of IGF-1 is connected with different human diseases including growth disorders such as Laron syndrome, acromegaly and Graves' orbitopathy as well as thyroid eye disease (TED) and the early stages of diabetic nephropathy. In addition, circulating levels of IGF-1 are increased in cancer patients and IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) expression is upregulated in various tumor types. Although the IGF1R system plays a k
